The Phoenician Alphabet 1050 BC

The Phoenician alphabet is based on what principle?

sign represents one spoken sound

Describe the shape of the letters and what tool created them? angular and straight
What two reasons made the Phoenician alphabet so successful?
the system contrasted with other scripts at the time the trading culture of the phoenician merchants spread the use of the alphabet
What long term effects on the social structures of civilizations did the Phoenicians have with the creation of their alphabet?
long term effect on social stucture that came contact with it first wide spread script allowed it to be used in multiple languages let common people learn how to write
Post an example of the Phoenician alphabet in visual form.

Hieroglyphics and the Egyptians 3,000 BC

In the sixth century BC, what three civilizations invaded Egypt?
persians greek and romansPost an example of the inside wall(s) of an Ancient Egyptian temple.
What was discovered on the inside of the temples?
carved and painted images on every wall and surface
Scholars believe that Ancient Egyptians were inspired and influenced by which written language?
cuneiform
What is the difference between logographic and alphabetic elements?
logograms are visual symbols representing ideas or objects alphabetic came later as the language evolved into demotic
The term Hieroglyphic derived from what two Greek words?
hiero and glyphic
What is a scribe?
school to learn how to read and write
Who else was trained to read and write? Why?
military leaders so they could communicate while in battle Post an example of hieroglyphics on papyrus.

What is papyrus and how was it made?
instructions on the walls for rituals for gods and goddesses substrate made from reeds native to egypt wet reeds are placed criss cross over each other flattened and dried then rubbed with flat stones until the surface becomes smooth 
What is a substrate?

What were the Books of the Dead?
instructions and spells to help the dead find their way to the after life 
How did Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics become a forgotten language?
all temples were closed under order Post an example of the Rosetta Stone.



What is the Rosetta Stone? Where was it discovered?
a fort in rosetta a stone that can decipher hieroglyphics
What three languages are included on the stone?
Egyptian hieroglyphics demotic and greek
Why couldn't the text on the Stone be deciphered?
a chunk of the stone was missing
Who finally deciphered the text? What was his breakthrough?
jean François Champollion when he was bale to match up the hieroglyphic symbols with the greek version of the name Egyptian pharoah ramses
Why does the interpretation of the Rosetta Stone have such significance?



 we now know a great deal about ancient egyptains 

assignment 14 research and inspiration

what i would like to include is a picture of a photographer taking a picture of something they would take for a newspaper

what a photojournalist would take

visual organization

not directing the audience through a design is misdirecting them
eye movement:

• eye moves left to right top to bottom 
• controlling eye movement within a composition is a matter of directing
•  the natural scanning tendency of the viewers eye the eye tends to gravitate towards areas of complexity 
• first light areas of the composition will attract the eye diagonal lines or edges will guide movement

 optical center:

• the spot where the human eye tends to enter the page.optical center is slightly above mathematical center and just to the left. it takes a compelling element to pul your eyes away from the spot light

z pattern:

• our visual pattern makes a sweep of the page generally in the shape of a "z" 
• effective page design maps a viewers route through the information. the designers objective is to lead the viewer eye to the important elements or information 

fonts:

• no more then two front total in one composition 
• fonts complement each other 
• avoid all upper case 
• choose the right front 
• dont over use fancy or complicated fonts 
• www.typography.com/email/2010-03/idex.htm

visual hierarchy-will establish focal point based on their importance a critical part of design process is to establish an order of elements a visual structure 

  the grid-way of organizing content on a page using any combination of margins guide lines rows and column
instituted by modernism can assist the audience by breaking info into manageable chunks and establishing relationships between text and images
design grid consists of a distinct set of alignment based relationship that act as guides for distributing elements across format
every design is different therefore every design will require a different grid structure one that addresses he elements within the design
a grid is used to clarify the message being communicated and to unify the elements

Cuneiform and the Sumerians 3,000 BC

The Sumerians were one of the earliest types of this kind of civilization? What does that mean?
nomadic civilization they migrated to sumer now know as southern iraq
Why is the region of Sumer considered the Cradle of Civilization?
where cuneiform was created the world first written language
What could the Sumerians practice year round because of the regions climate?

agriculture 
Post an example of early Cuneiform (Sumerian pictograph).

Why was Cuneiform created?
to help keep track of these business transactions
What medium was used to "write" Cuneiform? Explain the process of preparing and writing on this surface?
clay they would wet the clay form it into flat surface use wedge shaped stylus made from reeds to make impressions into the clay surface lay clay tablets in the sun allowing them to dry and harden  What did Cuneiform begin as a series of?

pictographs 
Post an example of evolved Cuneiform (wedge-shaped).

After it evolved over time, what shape did the characters of Cuneiform evolve into?

wedge shaped language 
Post an example of Akkadian Cuneiform.

After the Akkadians conquered, what happened to the Sumerian culture and written language?
they adopted it
What is a pictograph?
a pictorial or visual representation of an object
Why did the creation of Cuneiform allow the Sumerians to become a sophisticated culture?
it gave them a new form of communication 

Cave Paintings 35,000 years ago

What are cave paintings?
beautiful detailed and colorful representations found on the inside of cave walls and ceilings
Name several common themes found in cave paintings?
large animals such as bison horses deer tracing of human hands and abstract patterns
How were these paintings created (tools, pigments)?
paints were made from mixing water,plant juice,animal blood,sail,charcoal and hematite a form of iron oxide. brushes were made putting together sticks,small stones,leaves and animal hair.
What is the most famous cave painting site? When was it discovered and by whom?Post an example of cave painting(s) from this cave.

























Why did this cave have to be closed? What was done to satisfy public curiosity?
because the paintings were being damaged by the carbon dioxide emitted from the tourist. to satisfy the public interest the french government created lascaux 2


Post an example of cave painting(s) from Altamira cave.
In Altamira cave, why do most of the paintings have a red hue?
because of the red clay in the soil
Who discovered this site? How old are the paintings confirmed to be?
Marceline Sanz De Sautuola and his daughter Maria made 19000 years ago
What is the oldest known cave painting site? When was it discovered and by whom?Post an example of cave painting(s) from this cave.






















What was different about the painting techniques at this site?
walls were scrapped clear of debris and a 3D effect was created by etching around the edges
What is "speleology"?
mans first attempt to communicate with image and symbol
What three reasons do archeologists and historians believe prehistoric man created cave paintings?
1. to tell a story or recount and event that already happened
2. as an instructional visual aids to help teach about hunting techniques 
3. created for magical or religious reasons that if an image of a desired event were painted it might come true